Overview
A First Information Report (FIR) under Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure sets the criminal process in motion. Knowing how to register one—and what to do when police hesitate—helps protect your procedural rights from the outset.
Who does this apply to?
This guide applies to residents of India facing the process described above — including first-time filers, respondents, and anyone comparing DIY steps with professional legal help.
Step-by-step
1Confirm the offence is cognizable
FIRs are registered for cognizable offences where police may investigate without prior magistrate permission. For non-cognizable matters, police may record a private complaint or direct you to the magistrate.
2Visit the correct police station
Generally, FIR can be filed where the offence occurred or where you discovered it. Zero FIR rules allow registration at any station, later transferred to the station with territorial jurisdiction.
3Provide a clear written complaint
State who did what, when, where, and how you know. Name accused persons if known. Attach supporting documents, messages, or medical papers. Avoid exaggeration—stick to facts.
4Insist on registration and obtain a copy
Police must register cognizable offences. Request the FIR number, date, and a free copy of the registered FIR. Note investigating officer details if assigned.
5Follow up on investigation
Cooperate with lawful investigation, attend identification if required, and submit additional evidence promptly. You may seek status updates and pursue legal remedies if investigation stalls without reason.
6Know remedies if police refuse
If registration is refused, you can approach the Superintendent of Police, file a private complaint before the magistrate, or seek directions from the High Court in appropriate cases.
Common mistakes
- Delaying registration and losing fresh evidence or witnesses
- Giving an oral-only account without requesting a written record
- Accepting a mere "general diary" entry when an FIR is warranted
- Making inconsistent statements across police and court filings
- Sharing case details publicly on social media before investigation